This ARISA (Advancing Rights in Southern Africa program at Freedom House) study explores the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the already struggling health systems of Southern Africa. It assesses the human rights impact of COVID-19 on indigenous peoples in Angola, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. It highlights the threat of COVID-19 to indigenous livelihoods and food security, as well as the inadequacy of government response measures in addressing the situation of indigenous peoples, including lack of access to health services, information, and assistance interventions.